The Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders

Sujeeta Khair
April 21, 2023
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Inflammatory Cardiac Disorder

Inflammatory cardiac disorders cause inflammation in the heart muscle, leading to damage and dysfunction. They can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors, and symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations. Treatment depends on the cause and can include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for better outcomes.
The Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders
  1. Rheumatic heart disease
  2. Pericarditis 
  3. Myocarditis
  4. Endocarditis

(1) Rheumatic heart disease:

It is a condition of the heart in which valves are damaged by an episode of f rheumatic fever and inflammatory disease produced by a streptococcal agent immediately after an episode of pharyngitis that damages the connective tissue of the heart, joint, brain, or skin. It is common in 5 to 15 years.

Causes:

  1. Beta hemolytic streptococcus (Group A)
  2. Low socioeconomic status
  3. Poor hygiene 
  4. Poor nutrition

Symptoms 

  1. Fever Weight loss
  2. Fatigue
  3. Arthritis’s stomach pain
  4. Small nodules on the skin surface
  5. Rashes

Treatment

  1. Antibiotics E.g., Penicillin
  2. Antipyretics E.g., Paracetamol

(2) Pericarditis:

Infection and inflammation occur in the fibrous sac surrounding the heart which is the pericardium the outer layer of the heart is known as pericarditis.

Types:

  1. Acute pericarditis: It may be dry or may cause excessive fluid accumulation in the pericardial space.
  2. Chronic pericarditis: Fibrous thickening of pericardium.

Causes:

  1. Unknown
  2. Viral or bacterial or fungal infection
  3. Immunoglobulin conditions like Lepus erythematous sus.
  4. Drama
  5. Malignancy
  6. Side effects of medication

Symptoms

  1. Chest pain
  2. Breathing difficulty
  3. Dry cough
  4. Ankle feet and leg swelling
  5. Anxiety, fatigue
  6. Fever

Diagnosis:

  1. History collection
  2. Physical examination
  3. Chest x-ray
  4. ECG
  5. City scan
  6. MRI
  7. Indo cardiogram
  8. RBC and WBC test
  9. Blood culture
  10. Pericardiocentesis

Treatment:

  1. Antibiotics
  2. Analgesics
  3. Diuretics

(3) Myocarditis:

Definition:
The infection and inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart is known as myocarditis.

Risk Factor:

  1. Causative Organism like viruses, fungi, CMV, protozoa
  2. Dramatic fever
  3. Endocarditis
  4. IV drug use
  5. Anti prolong IV antibiotics
  6. Dental surgery
  7. Toxins and chemical

Sign and Symptoms:

  1. It may be asymptomatic
  2. Fatigue
  3. Dips near difficulty in breathing
  4. Palpitation
  5. Chest discomfort
  6. Abdominal pain
  7. Heart murmur
  8. Weight loss and anorexia

Diagnosis:

  1. History taking
  2. Physical examination
  3. ECG
  4. Chest x-ray
  5. Ultrasound
  6. RBC or WBC count
  7. Blood Culture

Treatment:

  1. Antibiotic
  2. Diuretic
  3. Low-salt diet
  4. Reduce activity

(4) Endocarditides:

Endocarditis is an infection and inflammation of the endocardium or heart valves resulting from the invasion of bacteria or other microorganisms.

Risk Factor:

  1. Causative organisms like Streptococcus and Candida albicans, rickettsia, and valvular heart disease increase the age of various drugs.

Symptoms:

  1. Weakness and fatigue
  2. Anorexia and weight loss
  3. Fever and chills
  4. Cough
  5. Skin changes
  6. Heart murmur

Treatment:

  • Antibiotic
  • Symptomatic Treatment
    • Anti-Pyritic
    • Analgesic